The shell is heated by low-pressure (waste) steam at 0.4–0.5 MPa and at 160 °C, which condenses inside the inter-tube space. Brown coal with a particle size of less than 10 mm enters the tubes with a diameter of 100 mm on the upper side of the shell, passes through the tubes, and is dried to a 12–15% moisture content. On the lower side of
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